主题：Advances in Observations and Theories of Global Ozone Depletion and Global Warming

报告人：Qing-Bin Lu

时间：202311月29日（周三）14：00开始

地点：霞光楼200号报告厅

邀请人：仲冬平 教授

个人简介

I am currently a Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, with cross-appointments to the Departments of Chemistry and Biology of the University of Waterloo, Canada. I received my Ph.D. in physics from the University of Newcastle, Australia in 1997, where I studied the (sub)nanometer-scale surface reactions of metal and semiconductor materials. My postdoctoral trainings were in the fields of surface science and nanoscience at Rutgers University (USA), radiation chemistry and radiation biology at the Faculty of Medicine of Sherbrooke University (Canada), and femtochemistry and femtobiology with the Nobel Prize winner Dr. Ahmed Zewail at Caltech (USA). I became an assistant professor (2004-2007), an (tenured) associate professor (2008-2013), and a full professor (2013-present) in the University of Waterloo, Canada. I received a Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) Senior Research Fellowship (2001-2005), an Ontario’s Early Researcher Award (2007-2012), a CIHR New Investigator Award (2008-2013), and a University Research Chair Award (2014-2021). My main contributions to physical science include the discoveries and development of a new theory of the ozone holes and a new theory of global warming, and the discovery of the all-season and largest ozone hole over the tropics. My main contributions to biomedical science include the discovery of a new molecular mechanism of reductive DNA damage, the proposal of a plausible amplification mechanism in immune defense, and the discovery/invention of novel cancer therapies including two patent families with 14 issued national patents in the US, Europe, China, Japan, etc.

报告摘要

The depletion in the ozone layer and global warming are two major scientific problems of global and societal importance. We proposed the cosmic-ray (CR)-driven electron-induced-reaction (CRE) mechanism of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for atmospheric ozone depletion, about two decades ago. My subsequent prediction of the existence of 11-year cyclic variations in both O3 loss and associated stratospheric cooling in the Antarctic O3 hole in my 2008-2010 papers has now been well confirmed by observed data. Particularly I showed the observed vertical profiles of Antarctic O3 trends, providing the fingerprints of the CRE mechanism, in 2021. Furthermore, using observed data from the three major world data sources (WOUDC, NASA and NOAA), I published the first discovery of the all-season and largest ozone hole over the tropics existing since the 1980s, which has a similar depletion depth to the well-known springtime Antarctic ozone hole while its area is seven times larger, in 2022. In my 2023 PNAS paper, moreover, I successfully formulated the CRE theory, providing an unprecedented capability of making parameter-free quantitative calculations of global ozone depletion, which exhibit excellent agreement with observations (“This work is a tour de force”, as commented by the reviewers). Additionally in 2009-2015, I proposed the dominant warming mechanism of CFCs for global climate change and developed the parameter-free CFC-warming climate model, which was built solidly on the quantum physics of the Earth’s blackbody radiation. Substantial observations have now shown compelling evidence of my parameter-free CFC-dominant warming theory, as reported in my 2022-2023 papers. My contributions to these fields have challenged the photochemical models recognized by the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the CO2-warming climate model recognized by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics respectively. In this talk, I will discuss some of these observational and theoretical advances.